diff --git a/src/PhpSpreadsheet/Shared/OLE/PPS/Root.php b/src/PhpSpreadsheet/Shared/OLE/PPS/Root.php
index c52cea23..472483eb 100644
--- a/src/PhpSpreadsheet/Shared/OLE/PPS/Root.php
+++ b/src/PhpSpreadsheet/Shared/OLE/PPS/Root.php
@@ -22,7 +22,6 @@ namespace PhpOffice\PhpSpreadsheet\Shared\OLE\PPS;
 //
 use PhpOffice\PhpSpreadsheet\Shared\OLE;
 use PhpOffice\PhpSpreadsheet\Shared\OLE\PPS;
-use PhpOffice\PhpSpreadsheet\Writer\Exception as WriterException;
 
 /**
  * Class for creating Root PPS's for OLE containers.
@@ -33,23 +32,11 @@ use PhpOffice\PhpSpreadsheet\Writer\Exception as WriterException;
  */
 class Root extends PPS
 {
-    /**
-     * Directory for temporary files.
-     *
-     * @var string
-     */
-    protected $tempDirectory;
-
     /**
      * @var resource
      */
     private $fileHandle;
 
-    /**
-     * @var string
-     */
-    private $tempFilename;
-
     /**
      * @var int
      */
@@ -67,8 +54,6 @@ class Root extends PPS
      */
     public function __construct($time_1st, $time_2nd, $raChild)
     {
-        $this->tempDirectory = \PhpOffice\PhpSpreadsheet\Shared\File::sysGetTempDir();
-
         parent::__construct(null, OLE::ascToUcs('Root Entry'), OLE::OLE_PPS_TYPE_ROOT, null, null, null, $time_1st, $time_2nd, null, $raChild);
     }
 
@@ -79,14 +64,14 @@ class Root extends PPS
      * If a resource pointer to a stream created by fopen() is passed
      * it will be used, but you have to close such stream by yourself.
      *
-     * @param resource|string $filename the name of the file or stream where to save the OLE container
-     *
-     * @throws WriterException
+     * @param resource $fileHandle the name of the file or stream where to save the OLE container
      *
      * @return bool true on success
      */
-    public function save($filename)
+    public function save($fileHandle)
     {
+        $this->fileHandle = $fileHandle;
+
         // Initial Setting for saving
         $this->bigBlockSize = pow(
             2,
@@ -97,23 +82,6 @@ class Root extends PPS
             (isset($this->smallBlockSize)) ? self::adjust2($this->smallBlockSize) : 6
         );
 
-        if (is_resource($filename)) {
-            $this->fileHandle = $filename;
-        } elseif ($filename == '-' || $filename == '') {
-            if ($this->tempDirectory === null) {
-                $this->tempDirectory = \PhpOffice\PhpSpreadsheet\Shared\File::sysGetTempDir();
-            }
-            $this->tempFilename = tempnam($this->tempDirectory, 'OLE_PPS_Root');
-            $this->fileHandle = fopen($this->tempFilename, 'w+b');
-            if ($this->fileHandle == false) {
-                throw new WriterException("Can't create temporary file.");
-            }
-        } else {
-            $this->fileHandle = fopen($filename, 'wb');
-        }
-        if ($this->fileHandle == false) {
-            throw new WriterException("Can't open $filename. It may be in use or protected.");
-        }
         // Make an array of PPS's (for Save)
         $aList = [];
         PPS::_savePpsSetPnt($aList, [$this]);
@@ -132,10 +100,6 @@ class Root extends PPS
         // Write Big Block Depot and BDList and Adding Header informations
         $this->_saveBbd($iSBDcnt, $iBBcnt, $iPPScnt);
 
-        if (!is_resource($filename)) {
-            fclose($this->fileHandle);
-        }
-
         return true;
     }
 
diff --git a/src/PhpSpreadsheet/Writer/BaseWriter.php b/src/PhpSpreadsheet/Writer/BaseWriter.php
index f13150d7..dc7a0431 100644
--- a/src/PhpSpreadsheet/Writer/BaseWriter.php
+++ b/src/PhpSpreadsheet/Writer/BaseWriter.php
@@ -35,6 +35,16 @@ abstract class BaseWriter implements IWriter
      */
     private $diskCachingDirectory = './';
 
+    /**
+     * @var resource
+     */
+    protected $fileHandle;
+
+    /**
+     * @var bool
+     */
+    private $shouldCloseFile;
+
     public function getIncludeCharts()
     {
         return $this->includeCharts;
@@ -83,4 +93,39 @@ abstract class BaseWriter implements IWriter
     {
         return $this->diskCachingDirectory;
     }
+
+    /**
+     * Open file handle.
+     *
+     * @param resource|string $filename
+     */
+    public function openFileHandle($filename): void
+    {
+        if (is_resource($filename)) {
+            $this->fileHandle = $filename;
+            $this->shouldCloseFile = false;
+
+            return;
+        }
+
+        $fileHandle = fopen($filename, 'wb+');
+        if ($fileHandle === false) {
+            throw new Exception('Could not open file ' . $filename . ' for writing.');
+        }
+
+        $this->fileHandle = $fileHandle;
+        $this->shouldCloseFile = true;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Close file handle only we opened it ourselves.
+     */
+    protected function maybeCloseFileHandle(): void
+    {
+        if ($this->shouldCloseFile) {
+            if (!fclose($this->fileHandle)) {
+                throw new Exception('Could not close file after writing.');
+            }
+        }
+    }
 }
diff --git a/src/PhpSpreadsheet/Writer/Csv.php b/src/PhpSpreadsheet/Writer/Csv.php
index 1cf64634..e5c08c13 100644
--- a/src/PhpSpreadsheet/Writer/Csv.php
+++ b/src/PhpSpreadsheet/Writer/Csv.php
@@ -131,11 +131,6 @@ class Csv extends BaseWriter
             $this->writeLine($fileHandle, $cellsArray[0]);
         }
 
-        // Close file
-        rewind($fileHandle);
-
-        fclose($fileHandle);
-
         Calculation::setArrayReturnType($saveArrayReturnType);
         Calculation::getInstance($this->spreadsheet)->getDebugLog()->setWriteDebugLog($saveDebugLog);
     }
diff --git a/src/PhpSpreadsheet/Writer/Html.php b/src/PhpSpreadsheet/Writer/Html.php
index 91beedb7..ed6db1b7 100644
--- a/src/PhpSpreadsheet/Writer/Html.php
+++ b/src/PhpSpreadsheet/Writer/Html.php
@@ -164,32 +164,23 @@ class Html extends BaseWriter
         $this->buildCSS(!$this->useInlineCss);
 
         // Open file
-        if (is_resource($pFilename)) {
-            $fileHandle = $pFilename;
-        } else {
-            $fileHandle = fopen($pFilename, 'wb+');
-        }
-
-        if ($fileHandle === false) {
-            throw new WriterException("Could not open file $pFilename for writing.");
-        }
+        $this->openFileHandle($pFilename);
 
         // Write headers
-        fwrite($fileHandle, $this->generateHTMLHeader(!$this->useInlineCss));
+        fwrite($this->fileHandle, $this->generateHTMLHeader(!$this->useInlineCss));
 
         // Write navigation (tabs)
         if ((!$this->isPdf) && ($this->generateSheetNavigationBlock)) {
-            fwrite($fileHandle, $this->generateNavigation());
+            fwrite($this->fileHandle, $this->generateNavigation());
         }
 
         // Write data
-        fwrite($fileHandle, $this->generateSheetData());
+        fwrite($this->fileHandle, $this->generateSheetData());
 
         // Write footer
-        fwrite($fileHandle, $this->generateHTMLFooter());
+        fwrite($this->fileHandle, $this->generateHTMLFooter());
 
-        // Close file
-        fclose($fileHandle);
+        $this->maybeCloseFileHandle();
 
         Calculation::setArrayReturnType($saveArrayReturnType);
         Calculation::getInstance($this->spreadsheet)->getDebugLog()->setWriteDebugLog($saveDebugLog);
diff --git a/src/PhpSpreadsheet/Writer/Ods.php b/src/PhpSpreadsheet/Writer/Ods.php
index 9de19eb4..bb981d35 100644
--- a/src/PhpSpreadsheet/Writer/Ods.php
+++ b/src/PhpSpreadsheet/Writer/Ods.php
@@ -32,11 +32,6 @@ class Ods extends BaseWriter
      */
     private $spreadSheet;
 
-    /**
-     * @var resource
-     */
-    private $fileHandle;
-
     /**
      * Create a new Ods.
      *
@@ -93,25 +88,7 @@ class Ods extends BaseWriter
         // garbage collect
         $this->spreadSheet->garbageCollect();
 
-        $originalFilename = $pFilename;
-        if (is_resource($pFilename)) {
-            $this->fileHandle = $pFilename;
-        } else {
-            // If $pFilename is php://output or php://stdout, make it a temporary file...
-            if (in_array(strtolower($pFilename), ['php://output', 'php://stdout'], true)) {
-                $pFilename = @tempnam(File::sysGetTempDir(), 'phpxltmp');
-                if ($pFilename === '') {
-                    $pFilename = $originalFilename;
-                }
-            }
-
-            $fileHandle = fopen($pFilename, 'wb+');
-            if ($fileHandle === false) {
-                throw new WriterException('Could not open file ' . $pFilename . ' for writing.');
-            }
-
-            $this->fileHandle = $fileHandle;
-        }
+        $this->openFileHandle($pFilename);
 
         $zip = $this->createZip();
 
@@ -130,23 +107,7 @@ class Ods extends BaseWriter
             throw new WriterException('Could not close resource.');
         }
 
-        rewind($this->fileHandle);
-
-        // If a temporary file was used, copy it to the correct file stream
-        if ($originalFilename !== $pFilename) {
-            $destinationFileHandle = fopen($originalFilename, 'wb+');
-            if (!is_resource($destinationFileHandle)) {
-                throw new WriterException("Could not open resource $originalFilename for writing.");
-            }
-
-            if (stream_copy_to_stream($this->fileHandle, $destinationFileHandle) === false) {
-                throw new WriterException("Could not copy temporary zip file $pFilename to $originalFilename.");
-            }
-
-            if (is_string($pFilename) && !unlink($pFilename)) {
-                throw new WriterException('Could not unlink temporary zip file.');
-            }
-        }
+        $this->maybeCloseFileHandle();
     }
 
     /**
diff --git a/src/PhpSpreadsheet/Writer/Pdf.php b/src/PhpSpreadsheet/Writer/Pdf.php
index d9184560..52f95749 100644
--- a/src/PhpSpreadsheet/Writer/Pdf.php
+++ b/src/PhpSpreadsheet/Writer/Pdf.php
@@ -255,17 +255,14 @@ abstract class Pdf extends Html
         Calculation::setArrayReturnType(Calculation::RETURN_ARRAY_AS_VALUE);
 
         //  Open file
-        $fileHandle = fopen($pFilename, 'w');
-        if ($fileHandle === false) {
-            throw new WriterException("Could not open file $pFilename for writing.");
-        }
+        $this->openFileHandle($pFilename);
 
         //  Set PDF
         $this->isPdf = true;
         //  Build CSS
         $this->buildCSS(true);
 
-        return $fileHandle;
+        return $this->fileHandle;
     }
 
     /**
@@ -275,8 +272,7 @@ abstract class Pdf extends Html
      */
     protected function restoreStateAfterSave($fileHandle)
     {
-        //  Close file
-        fclose($fileHandle);
+        $this->maybeCloseFileHandle();
 
         Calculation::setArrayReturnType($this->saveArrayReturnType);
     }
diff --git a/src/PhpSpreadsheet/Writer/Pdf/Mpdf.php b/src/PhpSpreadsheet/Writer/Pdf/Mpdf.php
index fd2664a8..5fdc4ea8 100644
--- a/src/PhpSpreadsheet/Writer/Pdf/Mpdf.php
+++ b/src/PhpSpreadsheet/Writer/Pdf/Mpdf.php
@@ -65,7 +65,7 @@ class Mpdf extends Pdf
         }
 
         //  Create PDF
-        $config = ['tempDir' => $this->tempDir];
+        $config = ['tempDir' => $this->tempDir . '/mpdf'];
         $pdf = $this->createExternalWriterInstance($config);
         $ortmp = $orientation;
         $pdf->_setPageSize(strtoupper($paperSize), $ortmp);
diff --git a/src/PhpSpreadsheet/Writer/Xls.php b/src/PhpSpreadsheet/Writer/Xls.php
index 95693dde..fb42bf9e 100644
--- a/src/PhpSpreadsheet/Writer/Xls.php
+++ b/src/PhpSpreadsheet/Writer/Xls.php
@@ -221,7 +221,9 @@ class Xls extends BaseWriter
 
         $root = new Root(time(), time(), $arrRootData);
         // save the OLE file
-        $root->save($pFilename);
+        $this->openFileHandle($pFilename);
+        $root->save($this->fileHandle);
+        $this->maybeCloseFileHandle();
 
         Functions::setReturnDateType($saveDateReturnType);
         Calculation::getInstance($this->spreadsheet)->getDebugLog()->setWriteDebugLog($saveDebugLog);
diff --git a/src/PhpSpreadsheet/Writer/Xlsx.php b/src/PhpSpreadsheet/Writer/Xlsx.php
index 3b4bdfd9..aea6a26c 100644
--- a/src/PhpSpreadsheet/Writer/Xlsx.php
+++ b/src/PhpSpreadsheet/Writer/Xlsx.php
@@ -107,11 +107,6 @@ class Xlsx extends BaseWriter
      */
     private $drawingHashTable;
 
-    /**
-     * @var resource
-     */
-    private $fileHandle;
-
     /**
      * Create a new Xlsx Writer.
      *
@@ -184,25 +179,7 @@ class Xlsx extends BaseWriter
             // garbage collect
             $this->spreadSheet->garbageCollect();
 
-            $originalFilename = $pFilename;
-            if (is_resource($pFilename)) {
-                $this->fileHandle = $pFilename;
-            } else {
-                // If $pFilename is php://output or php://stdout, make it a temporary file...
-                if (in_array(strtolower($pFilename), ['php://output', 'php://stdout'], true)) {
-                    $pFilename = @tempnam(File::sysGetTempDir(), 'phpxltmp');
-                    if ($pFilename === '') {
-                        $pFilename = $originalFilename;
-                    }
-                }
-
-                $fileHandle = fopen($pFilename, 'wb+');
-                if ($fileHandle === false) {
-                    throw new WriterException('Could not open file ' . $pFilename . ' for writing.');
-                }
-
-                $this->fileHandle = $fileHandle;
-            }
+            $this->openFileHandle($pFilename);
 
             $saveDebugLog = Calculation::getInstance($this->spreadSheet)->getDebugLog()->getWriteDebugLog();
             Calculation::getInstance($this->spreadSheet)->getDebugLog()->setWriteDebugLog(false);
@@ -425,23 +402,7 @@ class Xlsx extends BaseWriter
                 throw new WriterException('Could not close resource.');
             }
 
-            rewind($this->fileHandle);
-
-            // If a temporary file was used, copy it to the correct file stream
-            if ($originalFilename !== $pFilename) {
-                $destinationFileHandle = fopen($originalFilename, 'wb+');
-                if (!is_resource($destinationFileHandle)) {
-                    throw new WriterException("Could not open resource $originalFilename for writing.");
-                }
-
-                if (stream_copy_to_stream($this->fileHandle, $destinationFileHandle) === false) {
-                    throw new WriterException("Could not copy temporary zip file $pFilename to $originalFilename.");
-                }
-
-                if (is_string($pFilename) && !unlink($pFilename)) {
-                    throw new WriterException('Could not unlink temporary zip file.');
-                }
-            }
+            $this->maybeCloseFileHandle();
         } else {
             throw new WriterException('PhpSpreadsheet object unassigned.');
         }
diff --git a/tests/PhpSpreadsheetTests/Functional/StreamTest.php b/tests/PhpSpreadsheetTests/Functional/StreamTest.php
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..20e588bb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/PhpSpreadsheetTests/Functional/StreamTest.php
@@ -0,0 +1,45 @@
+<?php
+
+namespace PhpOffice\PhpSpreadsheetTests\Functional;
+
+use PhpOffice\PhpSpreadsheet\IOFactory;
+use PhpOffice\PhpSpreadsheet\Spreadsheet;
+use PHPUnit\Framework\TestCase;
+
+class StreamTest extends TestCase
+{
+    public function providerFormats(): array
+    {
+        return [
+            ['Xls'],
+            ['Xlsx'],
+            ['Ods'],
+            ['Csv'],
+            ['Html'],
+            ['Tcpdf'],
+            ['Dompdf'],
+            ['Mpdf'],
+        ];
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @dataProvider providerFormats
+     *
+     * @param string $format
+     */
+    public function testAllWritersCanWriteToStream(string $format): void
+    {
+        $spreadsheet = new Spreadsheet();
+        $spreadsheet->getActiveSheet()->setCellValue('A1', 'foo');
+        $writer = IOFactory::createWriter($spreadsheet, $format);
+
+        $stream = fopen('php://memory', 'wb+');
+        self::assertSame(0, fstat($stream)['size']);
+
+        $writer->save($stream);
+
+        self::assertIsResource($stream, 'should not close the stream for further usage out of PhpSpreadsheet');
+        self::assertGreaterThan(0, fstat($stream)['size'], 'something should have been written to the stream');
+        self::assertGreaterThan(0, ftell($stream), 'should not be rewinded, because not all streams support it');
+    }
+}